Bone Marrow Infection in Foot Again

The Diseases of the bone marrow Occur because there is a problem in one of the prison cell types described. For example, in white claret cells (WBC), white claret cells do not piece of work well.

The causes of these problems are of a dissimilar nature and include both genetic and environmental factors.

To check for any kind of marrow disease, blood and marrow tests are normally done. Treatment depends on the type of affliction and the severity level of the affliction, but it ranges from medications to blood transfusions or bone marrow transplants.

Bone marrow is a spongy tissue that is plant inside some of the basic, such as the hip or thigh. This tissue contains stem cells that tin can grow into whatsoever blazon of blood jail cell.

The stalk cells created by the marrow are transformed into oxygen-carrying red blood cells; In white blood cells that are part of the immune organization and act against the infections and in platelets that serve to plug the wounds coagulating the blood.

Most Common Os Marrow Diseases

Leukemia

Leukemia is a blazon of cancer that occurs in the white blood cells of the blood, so it is besides known every bit white blood prison cell cancer. As in all cancers, the affliction occurs because too many cells are created uncontrollably.

White blood cells, which tin be Granulocytes or Lymphocytes , Develop in the bone marrow from stem cells. The problem that occurs in leukemia is that the stalk cells are not able to mature into white blood cells, they stay in an intermediate step called leukemia cells.

The leukemic cells do not degenerate, so they continue to grow and multiply uncontrollably, occupying the space of crimson blood cells and platelets. Therefore, these cells practice not perform the function of white blood cells and, in improver, prevent the correct functioning of the rest of claret cells.

The principal symptoms of patients with leukemia are bruising and / or bleeding with whatsoever accident and the continuous feeling of being tired or weak.

In add-on, they may suffer from the following symptoms:

• Difficulty breathing.
• Pallor.
• Petechiae (flat spots nether the peel caused by bleeding).
• Pain or feeling of satiety under the ribs on the left side.

The prognosis of this disease is improve every bit fewer mother cells Have become leukemic cells, therefore, it is very important to run across your doctor if you feel some of the symptoms to make an early diagnosis.

Handling depends on the blazon of leukemia, age and patient characteristics. Possible treatments include the post-obit:

• Chemotherapy.
• Directed therapy (molecularly).
• Radiotherapy.
• Stem jail cell or os marrow transplantation.

Myelodysplastic syndromes

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) include a number of diseases that affect the os marrow and blood. The main problem of these syndromes is that the bone marrow each time produces less blood cells, even stopping product birthday.

Patients suffering from MDS may have:

• Anemia due to depression levels of red blood cells.
• Infections equally they increment the odds due to low levels of white blood cells.
• Bleeding due to low platelet levels.

There are several types of MDS, some are mild and can exist easily treated, while others are serious and may even evolve into a leukemia called acute myelogenous leukemia.

Most people with this disease are over sixty years old, although it can announced at any age. Some factors can increase the likelihood of suffering from this affliction, such as exposure to industrial chemicals or radiations. In some cases, the MDS is produced by the chemotherapy treatment that the person was post-obit to care for another disease.

The symptoms depend on the severity of the disease. It is usual that at the onset of the illness no symptoms are felt and yet the affliction is diagnosed considering problems are found in a routine analytic. It is therefore very important to have periodic cheque-ups.

The general symptoms are similar to those of leukemia and include tiredness, shortness of breath, pallor, ease of infection and bleeding...

Treatment usually begins with medications and chemotherapy , Although in many cases a blood transfusion or a bone marrow transplant is necessary.

Myeloproliferative disorders

Myeloproliferative disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized past the excessive product of i or more types of blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets).

Patients suffering from this type of disorder are more likely to take thrombi and haemorrhage. In improver, they may end upward developing acute leukemia due to both underlying illness and treatment.

The symptoms and signs that can be experienced by patients who have these disorders are as follows:

• Tiredness and weakness.
• Weight loss, early satiety or even anorexia, especially if they endure from chronic myelogenous leukemia or agnogenous myeloid metaplasia.
• Bruising, bleeding or thrombus easily.
• Inflammation and joint pain.
• Priapism , Tinnitus The stupidity of leucostasis.
• Petequias And / or ecchymosis (regal coloration).
• Spleen and / or palpable liver.
• Astute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis o Sweetness'southward syndrome (Fever and painful injuries to the torso, arms, legs and confront).

4 - aplastic anemia

Aplastic anemia is a rare blood affliction that can become very dangerous. This disease is characterized past the bone marrow of people suffering from aplastic anemia, is unable to produce enough blood cells.

This disease occurs because os marrow stem cells are damaged. There are several factors that can impact the stem cells, in addition these conditions tin be both hereditary and acquired, although in many cases it is not known what the cause is.

Amid the caused causes nosotros can find the following:

• Intoxication with substances such as pesticides, arsenic or benzene.
• To receive radiotherapy Or chemo.
• Accept sure medications.
• Endure some infections such equally hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus or HIV.
• Endure an autoimmune disease.
• Be pregnant.

This disorder is progressive, therefore, the symptoms are getting worse as time passes. At the onset of the illness, people diagnosed with aplastic anemia suffer from symptoms such as tiredness, weakness, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. In more than severe cases they may have heart problems such as arrhythmia or heart failure. In addition, they can endure frequent infections and bleeding.

The diagnosis of this illness is based on the personal and family history of the person, a medical test and some medical tests such equally claret tests.

The treatment should be individualized for the person, but in general, it usually includes claret transfusions, bone marrow transplants and / or medicines.

Iron deficiency anemia

Iron deficiency anemia occurs when red claret cell levels are very low or they do not work well. This type of anemia is the well-nigh mutual and is characterized considering the cells of our body do non get enough iron through the claret.

The trunk uses iron to make hemoglobin , A protein that is responsible for transporting oxygen through the bloodstream. Without this protein the organs and muscles practice not go enough oxygen, that prevents them from burning the nutrients to go energy and, therefore, can not role efficiently. In short, the lack of atomic number 26 in the blood causes the muscles and organs to malfunction.

Many people who endure from anemia practice not even realize they accept whatever problems. Women are at increased take a chance for this type of anemia due to blood loss during menstruation or pregnancy.

This disease can also occur because the person does not take enough iron in his diet or some intestinal diseases that cause problems absorbing iron.

Treatment depends on why the anemia has been caused, merely ordinarily involves a change of Diet and fe supplements .

half-dozen- Plasma jail cell neoplasia

Plasma cell neoplasms are diseases that are characterized because the bone marrow makes too many cells of this type. Plasma cells are adult from B lymphocytes , Which in turn accept matured from stem cells.

When some external agent (such equally viruses or bacteria) enter our torso, lymphocytes usually become plasma cells, because they create antibodies to fight infection.

The problem for people suffering from these disorders is that their plasma cells are damaged and divide uncontrollably, these damaged plasma cells are chosen myeloma cells.

In addition, myeloma cells give ascension to a protein that is useless for the trunk, since it does not act against infections, poly peptide M. The high density of these proteins causes the blood to thicken. Also, because they are useless, our body is continually discarding them, so they can cause kidney problems.

Continuous reproduction of plasma cells causes tumors to appear, which may be benign or may develop in cancer.

Neoplasms include the post-obit atmospheric condition:

• Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MSG). This pathology is mild, as abnormal cells stand for less than 10% of claret cells and do not normally develop cancer. In most cases, patients do not find whatsoever type of sign or symptom. Although there are more serious cases in which they tin can suffer nervous, cardiac or renal affections.
• Plasmocytoma. In this affliction, anomar cells (myelomas) are stored in the same site, and so they create a single tumor called plasmacytoma. At that place are ii types of plasmacytomas:
  • Plasmacytoma of bone. In this type of plasmocytoma, every bit its name implies, the tumor is created around a bone. Patients commonly practice not find other symptoms apart from those due to the tumor itself, such as fragility in the bones and localized pain, although in some cases information technology may be aggravated over fourth dimension and may lead to the development of multiple myeloma.
  • Extramedullary plasmacytoma. In this case, the tumor is not located in a bone, only in some soft tissue such equally the throat, amygdala or paranasal sinuses. The symptoms suffered by patients with this type of plasmacytoma, depend on the exact location where the tumor is located. For case, a plasmacytoma in the throat may cause difficulties in swallowing.
• Multiple myeloma. This is the most serious type of neoplasm, since the uncontrolled production of myelomas produces multiple tumors that can affect the os marrow, causing information technology to produce fewer claret cells (ruby blood cells, white blood cells or platelets). Occasionally, no symptoms are felt at the onset of the disease, then it is highly recommended to take claret and urine tests on a regular basis and see if you accept any of these symptoms:
  • Pain located in the bones.
  • Bone fragility.
  • Fever without a known cause or frequent infections.
  • Presence of bruising and bleeding with ease.
  • Difficulty breathing.
  • Weakness in extremities.
  • Extreme and continuous tiredness.

If tumors occur in the bones they can cause Hypercalcemia , Ie too much calcium in the blood. This condition can crusade serious problems such as loss of ambition, nausea and vomiting, thirst, frequent urination, constipation, tiredness, musculus weakness and confusion or difficulty concentrating.

References

1. Bethematch.com. (S.f.). Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Recovered on May 30, 2016, from bethematch.com.
2. (S.f.). Bone Marrow Diseases. Retrieved on May 30, 2016, from MedlinePlus.
3. National Cancer Found. (September 2013). What You Demand To Know About Leukemia. Obtained from NIH.
4. National Cancer Institute. (August 2015). Myelodysplastic / Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Treatment (PDQ®) -Patient Version. Obtained from NIH.
5. National Cancer Establish. (Oct 1, 2015). Plasma Jail cell Neoplasms (Including Multiple Myeloma) Treatment (PDQ®) -Patient Version. Obtained from NIH.
6. National Centre, Lung and Blood Establish. (August 22, 2012). What Is Aplastic Anemia? Obtained from NIH.
7. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. (March 26, 2014). What Is Iron-Deficiency Anemia? Obtained from NIH.
8. Rasool, H., Talavera, F., & Besa, E. (February 26, 2016). Myeloproliferative Disease. Obtained from Medscape.

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